April 14, 2016
Destructive Economic Impact of
Private Interests
in the Steel Industry
The Steel Industry Is Public Not Private
PDF
Destructive
Economic
Impact
of
Private
Interests in the Steel Industry
• The Steel Industry Is Public Not Private
• U.S. Steel Canada Economic Impact Study
For Your Information
• Report Prepared by the City of Hamilton,
January 2015
Destructive Economic Impact of Private
Interests in the Steel Industry
The Steel Industry Is Public Not Private
The steel sector is basic to the modern Canadian
economy. The social wealth necessary to build and operate a
steel mill can only be mobilized through the collective
authority of the people and resources of the economy. The prices of
production, supply of raw material, the training of the working class,
the provision of the social and material
infrastructure, the relation between supply and demand, and other
crucial features are social and public.
Decisions affecting the steel sector bear heavily on
the entire economy and as such are public. Who decides matters
affecting the steel and other basic sectors is of public concern and
importance, over which the people must have a say and right to decide.
This requires additional public measures beyond the
operation of the companies themselves, especially
in the wholesale market of basic commodities, where public authorities
are required to control prices and exports and imports outside of any
free trade agreements, otherwise no self-reliant
independent stable economy of the basic sectors can be built to serve
Canadian nation-building.
Private social wealth in the basic sectors such as the
steel industry must not interfere with the right of the people to
decide and to have open discussion and authority over their
direction. Private social wealth in the basic sectors such as steel
does not and should not give any ownership group the right to dismiss
and negate the public right to decide on all matters
affecting the direction of the industry.
A public authority, which has the consent and
confidence of the workforce and members of the community, should be
organized to decide on the direction of the basic sectors with the
full and unobstructed conscious participation of the people without
secrecy or hidden agendas of private interests. Private ownership of
social wealth should be viewed as only one factor in
the social relation making up the sector and private owners should
participate in
decision-making as members of the public without special influence or
clout.
Private owners of social wealth in the steel and other
basic sectors should be arms length from the operation and only
participate in decision-making as members of the public if they
reside in Canada. Private owners have a right to an average rate of
return on their invested social wealth, which should be decided openly
and with scientific precision by accountants who
report to the public authority, which regulates payment openly and
aboveboard with complete public scrutiny.
The controversies
surrounding Stelco and Algoma Steel for the past two decades give ample
proof of the necessity for a new direction for the steel sector free
from the interference of
private interests. A new direction under the control of the public must
be instituted for the sake of the economy and nation-building. Private
owners of social wealth have proven time and
again that their narrow private interests conflict with the public and
social nature of the steel sector and do not allow it to flourish.
These problems arise despite the earnest talk of certain
ownership groups of their intention to serve the public good. Talk is
cheap; Canada needs a new direction with a public authority capable of
putting owners of social wealth in their place as
just one factor in the economy. The people witnessed with horror and
contempt the corrupt behaviour of U.S. Steel in signing and then almost
immediately breaking sworn agreements
under the Investment Canada Act
and provincial pension law because the
owners of social wealth considered it expedient in serving their narrow
private agenda and interests.
Problems surrounding the meeting of apparent demand
with supply from Canadian mills; problems surrounding the well-being of
the workforce, especially after retirement; problems
dealing with environmental damage and pollution; problems dealing with
market prices and other issues such as imports are social and public in
nature and cannot be resolved with private
interests in command.
The basic sectors of the economy involve immense
amounts of social wealth both from direct investment and from
borrowing. Individuals owning equity in the basic sectors such as
U.S. Steel are most often second or third hand through financial
institutions from all over the world. More often than not, moneylenders
have even greater social wealth tied up in a
monopoly such as the over $3.5 billion debt they own in U.S. Steel. The
disparate owners of social wealth often have conflicting interests
themselves, not to speak of the contention from
owners of social wealth in competing companies. The contention and
sometimes corrupt collusion of owners of social wealth to serve their
particular private interests cause great crises for
the basic sectors, as Canada has experienced not just in steel but in
the energy and other sectors.
What constitutes private ownership is even under
scrutiny and contention. U.S. Steel says it bought Stelco in 2007 but
sometime during its tenure as equity owner it gave up its equity
ownership and secretly turned it into a debt ownership. This conspiracy
began with an eye to putting Stelco into bankruptcy protection and
having U.S. Steel declared the primary owner of
debt in a company where it no longer owns equity. These fraudulent
conspiracies are further proof that ownership of social wealth in the
basic sectors should not mean control but simply a
right to a certain claim on the added-value workers produce but with no
rights to direct the company or authority over its affairs or that of
the sector.
A public authority in which the people have confidence
and can openly and consciously participate in making decisions on the
direction of the company and sector and ensure their
viability and stability must be formed to take control out of the hands
of the owners of social wealth.
The pay-the-rich schemes
most often called bailouts, subsidies, disguised assistance in such
areas as research and development financed through the public treasury
etc. are now
considered "normal" practice by the ruling imperialist elite. This
acceptance of pay-the-rich schemes is an admission that
privately-controlled social wealth is incapable of directing the
economy and particularly the basic sectors in a stable manner that
allows them to claim a rate of return on their investment satisfactory
to themselves without recurring crises.
Pay-the-rich schemes including
public-private-partnerships are an admission that the owners of social
wealth are incapable of running the socialized economy without public
funds and
direct government intervention. This admission and the concrete
evidence of the recurring crises in the overall economy and in
particular sectors, the permanent unemployment of over a
million workers and deteriorating social conditions are more than
enough to prove that a new direction for the economy is necessary
beginning with public control over the basic sectors and
the people's conscious participation in the running and decision-making
of those sectors.
A new direction should begin with the establishment of
a public authority to direct the affairs of the former Stelco, Algoma
Steel and Wabush Mines, all of which are presently under
the fraudulent bankruptcy protection of the Companies' Creditors
Arrangement Act. A public authority with government backing
would
immediately cancel U.S. Steel's fraudulent claim on
Stelco's assets and begin to look for investment either public or
private to refurbish the mills and mines of the three enterprises,
resolve all outstanding issues with the steelworkers, miners
and salaried employees by respecting their rights and previous
collective agreements and pension laws, and begin to address in a
serious manner the environmental issues and the
strengthening of a steel sector that can meet the economy's apparent
demand for steel in a self-reliant manner.
U.S. Steel Canada Economic Impact Study
The excerpts from the
Hamilton report found below
underscore the fact that the steel sector is a public industry. Stelco
is not a mom and pop store with limited ramifications for the
community. The City report deals mainly with social issues but does
touch on the interconnections with other sectors of the economy such as
the number of companies left with unpaid bills
because Stelco is in bankruptcy protection.
In Sault Ste. Marie, the
Algoma Steel complex has an even greater influence in the lives and
economy of the people. Reports say that around 70 per cent of the
population of the
community depends either directly for livelihoods or indirectly in some
way on the steelworks.
Decisions taken regarding the steel and mining sectors
are not private matters; they affect the public in a major way.
Decision-making should not be seen as private, which is the
narrow corrupt viewpoint of certain individuals who control great
social wealth. The interrelated economy cannot be left in the hands of
the owners of social wealth and the monopolies they
control. Decisions in these sectors affect entire cities, regions and
the country. Those decisions need to be in the hands of the public
upholding the right of the people to decide in the public
interest in opposition to the narrow private interests of owners of
social wealth.
Members of the Hamilton City Council Steel Committee
say that U.S. Steel executives have treated them with disdain refusing
to meet with them to discuss the serious problems
surrounding the steel sector. This attitude towards city officials
reflects an absence of concern for the well-being of the people and
their community. The owners of social wealth consider
their narrow private interests as more important. The concern and
attention of U.S. Steel executives, especially those in Pittsburgh, are
centred on their empire-building and private social
wealth. Canadians and their nation-building are viewed as obstacles to
their empire-building.
Active organized resistance to empire-building is
necessary in today's Canada, as control from the global owners of
social wealth interferes with nation-building and the building of a
self-reliant stable diverse economy. Private social wealth should not
confer any special rights on its owners. Owners of social wealth have a
right to a certain rate of return on their
investment but no right to control the economy or political affairs, or
to interfere in the people's right to direct their economy and
nation-building.
For Your
Information
Report Prepared by the City of Hamilton,
January 2015 (Excerpts, Not Necessarily in Order)
The Hamilton Works location sits on a total of 813
acres of land, a large land holding, but relatively small in size when
compared to Lake Erie Works, which is over 8 times larger at
6,600 acres.
USSC employed 2,337 people as of July 31, 2014.
The 2007 acquisition of
Stelco Inc. by USS required the involvement and ultimate approval of
the federal government due to the nature of the acquisition of a
Canadian company by a
foreign company. As part of USS' application to the federal government
for approval of the acquisition, USS made the following commitments,
which were used to build the case for
approval of the sale.
- Make $200 million in capital investments in USSC.
- Maintain 3,105 workers at Hamilton Works and Lake
Erie Works.
- Produce [4.5 million tons of steel] annually. [On
October 29, 2007 the Minister approved the transaction, subject to 31
binding undertakings from U.S. Steel regarding the operation
of Stelco, which included that, over three years, it would increase the
annual level of production at the former Stelco facilities by at least
10 percent and that it would maintain an average
aggregate employment level of not fewer than 3,105 employees on a
full-time equivalent basis.]
- Guarantee the pension funding obligations of Stelco
Inc. Make $31 million voluntary contribution to the USSC pension funds.
The years immediately following the acquisition of
Stelco Inc. (now USSC) by USS saw a significant decrease in steel
production and a failure of USSC to meet or even approach the
investment, production and employment commitments made to win approval
of the acquisition from the federal government. These commitment
defaults prompted a legal response by the
federal government and ultimately resulted in an undisclosed agreement
between USS, USSC and the federal government that included additional
operational and investment commitments,
as outlined below:
- Operate Hamilton Works and Lake Erie Works until at
least December 2015.
- Make at least $50 million in additional capital
investments to maintain Canadian facilities by December 2015 (above the
previous $200 million commitment).
- Contribute $3 million to community and educational
programs in Hamilton and Nanticoke.
While the second round of commitments were likely
intended to build upon those initial operational, investment and
employment commitments with the objective of increasing the
economic activity at USSC, the past few years since the 2011
Commitments were disclosed has witnessed a continued decline in
economic activity from USSC.
Despite the involvement of
both the provincial and federal government in the early stages of the
acquisition of USSC to facilitate a viable business environment for
USSC through
approvals and financial assistance, and the commitments made by USS
concerning USSC's operations, USSC is currently in a much weaker
position than was likely envisioned by all major
stakeholders in the initial weeks of the acquisition. As of December
2014, the commitments made by USS in both 2007 and 2011, relating to
USSC are far from being realized, and have
been replaced by the reality as outlined in the points below:
- Significantly less current employees at U.S. Steel
Canada than was projected in 2007.
- An accelerating trend of decreasing capacity at U.S.
Steel Canada.
- Significant uncertainty about the future of U.S.
Steel Canada's operations expressed by workers, pensioners, and
resident stakeholders.
- Concern about the long-term viability of the various
U.S. Steel Canada pension plans after December 2015.
The four pension plans provide USSC pensioners with
over $231 million in total pension income annually.
Hamilton Bargaining Plan (Local 1005) members represent
over 65% of the total 14,338 USSC pension plan members (as of December
31, 2013), and have the lowest annual average
pensions ($16,355). [The total number of people reliant on the pensions
such as spouses, increases the total to well over 20,000.] The absence
of a Cost of Living Adjustment (COLA) has a
significant financial impact on USSC pensioners. The projected impact
of not having a 2% COLA for an individual over 25 years is a loss of
$100,000, and the estimated loss of income for
the 7,050 Hamilton pensioners over 25 years is almost $700 million.
Over 7,000 USSC pensioners
from all four USSC pension plans reside in the City of Hamilton,
representing over 60% of the identified USSC pensioners.
If the distribution of the 11,699 identified pensioners
is representative of the total population of USSC pensioners, then the
City of Hamilton could be the city of residence for over
8,600 pensioners.
Approximately 1.4% (1 in 72) of Hamilton's total
population are known USSC pensioners.
Approximately 6.3% (1 in 16) of Hamilton's population
of 60+ years old are known USSC pensioners.
Over 70% of USSC pensioners with Hamilton addresses are
associated with a detached single family home. Those 5,043 USSC
pensioners represent 4% of all single detached homes in
Hamilton (1 in 25 homes).
The properties associated with known USSC pensioners
make sizeable cumulative [property tax] contributions by ward, ranging
from almost $400 thousand in Ward 14 to over $4.3
million in Ward 8.
The dwellings associated with known USSC pensioners in
Hamilton provide the City with approximately $24 million in property
tax annually. [Of note, is the fact that Stelco
pensioners in Hamilton continue to pay their property taxes while U.S.
Steel refuses to do so and has won a CCAA court order enforcing its
demand. Also, the $24 million cumulative
property tax paid by steelworker retirees living in Hamilton is
considerably greater than the property tax paid by USSC when it was
paying the tax. Also, U.S. Steel says that no equity
profit has been made in Ontario since 2009. This means the company has
not paid any corporate income tax although owners of U.S. Steel debt
have claimed interest profit and dividends
have continued to be paid to U.S. Steel shareholders.]
Approximately 2% of the total population of Hamilton
Wards 5, 6 and 10 are current USSC pensioners.
The USSC pensioner population represents a large and
significant segment in each Hamilton ward.
Impact on City of Hamilton Revenues
The annual total tax contributions from USSC have been
steadily decreasing since 2000, having decreased over 70% from the
$22.56 million paid in 2000 to just under $6 million
forecasted for 2014. [Since the report was released, the CCAA court has
granted leave for USSC to suspend payments of municipal taxes.]
USSC's tax contributions represented over 3% of total
tax revenues in 2000, but is under 1% in 2014.
The USSC tax contributions from recent years (prior to
2014) have recently been successfully appealed by USSC, necessitating a
large tax rebate owing to USSC of over $6
million.
The water related revenues from USSC has decreased as a
percentage of total City of Hamilton water revenues from 3.8% in 2008
to a forecasted 1.3% in 2014.
A worst case scenario for the City of Hamilton as it
relates to USSC property tax and water revenues would be a further
reduction of approximately $3.9M annually, reducing the
current annual revenues from approximately $6.6M (forecasted for 2014)
to approximately $2.7M annually in a future year.
[If the wrecking of Stelco steel production continues]
it would result in hardships to current employees of USSC who would
suffer job loss and might have difficulty finding similar
work and remuneration.
- It would result in hardships to USSC retirees, who
rely
on USSC to continue to contribute to their underfunded pension plans
and to provide post-retirement benefits.
- It would result in a permanent decrease in retirement
incomes of USSC retirees, and that reduction would have a material
impact on their health, the affordability of their current living
situations and lifestyles.
- It would impact hundreds of companies supplying goods
and services to USSC.
- It would have a significant impact on the City of
Hamilton's annual revenues.
- It might have a significant impact on the City of
Hamilton's program demands.
- It might result in a prolonged asset disposition
process that might leave current USSC lands in the City of Hamilton
unproductive for an extended period of time.
Over the course of their employment at Stelco and USSC,
a component USSC pension plan member's compensation package was the
inclusion in a Defined Benefits pension plan,
which promised post-retirement benefits in the future and varied in
composition between each of the four USSC pension plans. Over the life
of the pension plans, the defined benefits for
each of the four pension plans have been subject to changes based on
the outcome of negotiations between the employee groups and the
employer.
The four pension plans provide USSC retirees with over
$231 million in total pension income annually.
The businesses of a city or community are impacted by
the overall health and strength of the local economy, as cash from
business revenues and employment incomes of local
businesses and employees have the potential to be spent in the city or
community. This section looks at the impacts on all local businesses,
both the known Direct Suppliers of USSC,
whose impact is easier to visualize and quantify, and the other
businesses in Hamilton, who rely on the expenditures of the employees
and retirees of USSC and its local suppliers.
A result of USSC pursuing creditor protection in
September 2014 was that it provided the public with a unique insight
into the company's large and diverse number of creditors at that
time. In the initial CCAA documentation disclosure, USSC provided the
courts with a List of Creditors (Trade Payables), identifying the
names, mailing addresses and total amount owing
as of the date of filing. While this list is still being finalized, and
does not identify all companies in the USSC supply chain over the
course of a full year, it provides quantitative data for a
highly conservative estimate of the financial impact of the possible
failure of USSC.
The List of Creditors described above was analyzed and
the 684 Trades Payables were grouped by country and sorted into
categories based on outstanding balances owed by USSC as
at September 16, 2014.
Approximately 60% of the $78.8 million owed is to
Ontario based companies (529 total).
There are 127 companies with business addresses in the
City of Hamilton, and they are collectively owed a total of $22.3
million (28.3% of the $78.8 million).
There are four Hamilton based companies who are owed
more than $1 million, and an additional 27 companies owed between $100
thousand - $999 thousand.
There are 96 Hamilton based companies who are owed
under $100 thousand, with a majority of these being owed less than $25
thousand.
[Observations on the health and welfare of pensioners]
It is hard for seniors to cope with sudden changes in
their economic status, due to the limits of a fixed income. The "asset
rich-income poor" are considered at most financial risk.
Financial strain causes stress, depression and family pressures.
Reduced retirement income is associated with heart-related death in
both men and women. Single men without a cash margin
are at a greater risk for heart attacks and those men with reduced
retirement income have a higher risk of death. Seniors who are not
accustomed to seeking out services may not be aware
of services available to them. They may also have trouble accessing
those services. Stress can lead to many mental and physical health
issues, the most serious being depression, heart
disease and death.
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