First Nations' Concerns About Windsor Salt's Mining Leases on Their Lands
The Ojibway Mine complex sits on the land of the Walpole Island First Nation and the Caldwell First Nation. Both First Nations raised concerns about lease extensions for the Ojibway Mine complex in May and June 2021 but they were ignored. The fact that they raised concerns is documented by the Ontario Ministry of Mines. Stone Canyon Industries Holdings Inc. purchased Windsor Salt as part of its purchase of Morton Salt on April 30, 2021, a month before the period of the lease extension was posted and open for public comment. Both First Nations submitted questions during the public comment phase of the lease renewal process asserting their right to a say over their lands and the resources they contain. The leases were eventually renewed for 21 years on February 11, 2022 and their concerns were ignored.
According
to government documents, "Walpole Island First Nation (WIFN) referenced
an assertion of Aboriginal title over the leased area, as claimed in
litigation commenced in 2000."[1] In that year,
Commissioners of the Indian Claims Commission, set up by the Federal
government to investigate the
validity of claims, found that the Walpole Island First Nation claim
that it never surrendered lands and waters, which include parts of the
leased lands for the Ojibway Mine complex, was valid and that whatever
Aboriginal title may have existed to what was called Bois Blanc Island
– now called
Boblo Island – in 1786 "continues to exist today."[2]
Located south of the Ambassador Bridge between Amherstburg on the
Ontario side and Detroit, Michigan, Boblo Island was for many decades
the site of an amusement park popular with people from both the U.S.
and Canada. That operation closed
in 1993 and the island was bought for $U.S.4.2 million in 1994 and is
now an island for luxury homes and golfing.
According to the Ministry of Mines, as a result of its claim of title, Walpole Island First Nation "took the position that an impact benefit agreement should be a condition of the renewed leases." According to the Ontario Human Rights Commission "Impact Benefit Agreements (IBAs) are negotiated private contracts between one or more Aboriginal governments and a resource extraction company. IBAs typically provide commitments and benefits by the resource extractor, which includes mitigating or eliminating negative impacts on Aboriginal rights, and employment, training and contracting benefits. Mining and resource development sectors are increasingly seeing IBAs as an important way to share benefits with Aboriginal Peoples whose rights would be impacted by the proposed resource development project and to mitigate impacts on Aboriginal rights."
The Ministry responded to Walpole Island First Nation's request, indicating that "the Crown's duty to consult, if triggered in the circumstances, does not require the Ministry to insist that the company enter into a commercial arrangement with WIFN, and that such commercial arrangements are not required or regulated under the Mining Act. The Ministry encouraged WIFN to contact the company directly." Walpole Island First Nation responded, "reiterating its position and asking whether the Ministry had considered whether a shorter renewal term might be appropriate and whether the renewed lease will have another renewal clause." The Ministry responded, "further discussing its position, and noting that the existing leases provide the lessee a right to renew for a twenty-one year term, and there is no option for a shorter term; and that, in respect of subsequent renewals, one of the leases is on its final term and the consultation draft for the other had a renewal clause that was more discretionary than its prior iteration."
The extension decision also indicated that "questions were also received from Caldwell First Nation (CFN) regarding the depth of the lease area and related maintenance protocols for those areas, and regarding opportunities to benefit from the project, which is located within the traditional territory of CFN and other Aboriginal communities. The Ministry acknowledged that the project is located within the traditional territory of CFN, responded to CFN's questions, and encouraged CFN to contact the company directly regarding opportunities to benefit."
It is of note that the lease itself approved by the Minister of Energy, Northern Development and Mines at the time states that the company's "rights under this Lease are subject to the protection provided for existing Aboriginal or treaty rights in section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982 and the Lessee shall conduct itself on the demised premises in a manner consistent with the protection provided to any such rights."
Section 35 of the Constitution states:
1) The existing aboriginal and treaty rights of the aboriginal peoples of Canada are hereby recognized and affirmed.
2) In this Act, "aboriginal peoples of Canada" includes the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.
3) For greater certainty, in subsection (1) "treaty rights" includes rights that now exist by way of land claims agreements or may be so acquired.
4) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, the aboriginal and treaty rights referred to in subsection (1) are guaranteed equally to male and female persons.
The
response of the government to the legitimate questions and claims of
First Nations reveals a lot about the Federal government's true aims
when in June 2021, right at the time of the concerns being raised in
this matter, it signed into Canadian law the United Nations Declaration
on the Rights
of Indigenous Peoples.
The government's response -- telling the First Nations to go and speak with the company -- shows that when it comes to the use of First Nations' resources and territory it is the companies which are empowered to decide. The rights of Indigenous Peoples to a say over what happens on their lands and resources can be dismissed out of hand.
The concerns raised by the First Nations with the government raise the issue that the owners of Windsor Salt, Stone Canyon, may be operating in contempt of concerns and claims of First Nations. This should be another red flag -- on top of its union-busting activities -- for its major investors, such as the Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan.
Note
2. Walpole Island First Nation Inquiry Boblo Island Claim, Indian Claims Commission, May 2000.
This article was published in
Number 37 - July 17, 2023
Article Link:
https://cpcml.ca/WF2023/Articles/WO10373.HTM
Website: www.cpcml.ca Email: editor@cpcml.ca