Canada-U.S.
Joint Action Plan on Critical Minerals
Collaboration
No to Canada's Integration into
the U.S. Imperialist War Economy!
- Fernand Deschamps -
"Canada's integration into the U.S.
imperialist war economy is a serious matter of
concern for Canadians. The U.S. war economy has
tentacles into every U.S. state as well as
Canada and countless other places abroad. [...]
The U.S. war economy exists within a relation
with the aim of the U.S.-centred financial
oligarchy for worldwide hegemony. U.S.
imperialist theft of social wealth from the
peoples of the world and its competition with
other big powers feed the war economy and in
turn generate increased instability, violence
and war."
- "Canada's Integration into the U.S.
Imperialist War Economy," by K.C. Adams, TML
Weekly, December 21, 2019.
Natural Resources
Canada, on January 9 issued a news release which
states, "Today, Canada and the U.S. announced they
have finalized the Canada-U.S. Joint Action Plan
on Critical Minerals Collaboration, advancing our
mutual interest in securing supply chains for the
critical minerals needed for important
manufacturing sectors, including communication
technology, aerospace and defence, and clean
technology. [...] [The Action Plan] will guide
cooperation in areas such as industry engagement;
efforts to secure critical minerals supply chains
for strategic industries and defence; improving
information sharing on mineral resources and
potential; and cooperation in multilateral fora
and with other countries. This Action Plan will
promote joint initiatives, including research and
development cooperation, supply chain modelling
and increased support for industry. [...] Experts
from both countries will convene in the coming
weeks to advance joint initiatives to address
shared mineral security concerns -- helping ensure
the continued economic growth and national
security of both Canada and the U.S."[1]
The release says the "Action Plan" arose
following Trudeau's visit to Washington, DC last
June where he met President Trump and discussed
the "rising tensions between the U.S. and Iran,
including reports of Iran shooting down a U.S.
drone in international airspace." Within this
atmosphere of escalating war preparations, the two
leaders "discussed ways to improve mineral
security and ensure future competitiveness of
their minerals industries, and work more closely
to ensure secure and reliable supply chains. [...]
Canada and the U.S. will develop a joint action
plan on critical minerals collaboration."
Trudeau is quoted as highlighting "the
importance of Canadian uranium to North American
energy security, and underscored how Canada has
been a reliable supplier of uranium to the U.S.
for over 75 years."[2]
Quebec Government's Role in the Joint Action
Plan
on Critical Minerals Collaboration
"A material
needed for military purposes is considered
strategic and a material is termed critical if
future events involving its supply from abroad
threaten to inflict serious harm on a nation's
economy."
- DeYoung et al, Proceedings of the 42nd Forum on
the Geology of Industrial Minerals, 2006, Raleigh,
North Carolina.
Prior to Trudeau's visit to Washington, Quebec
Premier François Legault was at the White House on
May 22, 2019. Legault met with Wells Griffith,
then-Special Assistant to the President and Senior
Director for International Energy and Environment
for the National Security Council. Afterwards
Legault met with Mark Menezes, the Under Secretary
of Energy at the U.S. Department of Energy.
The Premier's office issued a press release
noting that Legault expressed to the U.S.
officials his government's "desire to considerably
increase the sale of hydroelectricity to the U.S.
[and] its intention to see Quebec become an
important partner of the United States in the
strategic minerals sector."
In September 2019, Quebec's Minister of Energy
and Natural Resources, Jonatan Julien, arrived in
Washington to sign a joint statement between the
Quebec government and the U.S. Geological Survey
of the U.S. Department of the Interior. The
statement speaks of joint collaboration "in areas
of data mapping and analysis, particularly with
regard to strategic and critical minerals."
A follow-up
statement from Minister Julien's office says: "In
particular, the Minister had the opportunity to
meet with Steven Fortier, Senior Policy Advisor of
the White House Office of Science and Technology
Policy. This meeting revealed the importance that
the U.S. administration attaches to the need to
find reliable suppliers of critical minerals in
order to reduce the vulnerabilities of their own
supply chain. The Minister was thus able to
highlight Quebec's potential in this regard. [...]
These minerals are growing rapidly in importance
as they respond to challenges linked to new
technologies and the energy transition (transport,
aviation, telecommunications, renewable energy and
the military industry). Several goods manufactured
for tomorrow's economy contain them, including
electronic equipment and electric cars. [...]
Washington said it was open to improving
international trade and collaboration with its
allies to ensure a supply chain with countries
with a proven social and environmental track
record. To this end, Quebec is well positioned."
The statement concludes by emphasizing the
importance of Quebec's economy to the U.S. war
economy: "The critical minerals produced in Quebec
are niobium, graphite, elements of the platinum
group, cobalt and titanium. However, Quebec has
mineral potential for lithium, rare earth elements
and vanadium. The demand for strategic and
critical minerals is growing rapidly to meet
challenges related to new technologies and the
energy transition. [...] Quebec is the leading
foreign electricity supplier for the United States
and one of the largest producers of
hydroelectricity in the world."
Cynical Actions to Promote Integration into the
U.S. War Economy
The Quebec Ministry of Energy and Natural
Resources announced on November 19, 2019 the
launch of a consultation process to "review
Quebec's role in the development of critical and
strategic minerals (CSMs)." To that end, the
government produced a discussion paper entitled
"Review of Quebec's Role in the Development of
Critical and Strategic Minerals."[3] The review
states, "The Ministère de l'Énergie et des
Ressources naturelles considers as critical
minerals those that have significant economic
importance in key sectors of the economy, present
a supply risk, and have no commercially-available
substitutes. Strategic minerals are those needed
to implement Québec's economic policies, such as
the 2020-2030 Electrification and Climate Change
Plan and the 2030 Energy Policy. [...]
Aeronautics, telecommunications, renewable energy
(solar, wind, etc.), energy storage, the medical
sector and transportation electrification are all
high-growth sectors in which the supply of CSMs is
vital."
Any reference to
CSMs being vital and critical to the military
industry and war economy disappeared from the
Ministry's Discussion Paper, replaced with talk of
"climate change" and "renewable energy," even
though many of the CSMs in Quebec are being
extracted or have the potential to be extracted
for war preparations.[4]
For example, primary aluminum is being produced
and titanium oxide extracted in Quebec. Mining for
vanadium is also possible. The United States
Geological Survey, in its study review on
vanadium, says "Vanadium has been used together
with aluminum to give the required strength in
titanium alloys used in jet engines and high-speed
airframes."[5]
The Quebec government has issued a questionnaire
regarding the mining and production of CSMs which
includes the question: "Should the government
and state-owned corporations support investment
attraction in the CSM sector in Quebec. If so,
how?"
This questionnaire should be denounced as part
of a cynical government campaign to win public
opinion for state funds to be doled out in
pay-the-rich schemes to the financial oligarchy
involved in CSMs and to further entangle Quebec
and Canada within the U.S. war economy. An
important aspect of making Canada and Quebec
factors for peace in the world is to oppose the
country's integration into the U.S. imperialist
war economy.
Notes
1. "Canada
and U.S. Finalize Joint Action Plan on Critical
Minerals Collaboration," News Release, Natural
Resources Canada, January 9, 2020.
2. The Prime Minister's Office and Natural
Resources Canada boast of the plunder of Canada's
natural resources in the service of the
U.S.-centred financial oligarchy in its striving
for world domination: "Critical minerals -- used
for defence, manufacturing, and high tech
industries -- are essential to the economies and
national security of Canada and the United States.
Canada's rich minerals sector is well-positioned
to contribute significantly to North American
requirements, and to benefit from strategic trade
and investment opportunities." (PMO)
"Canada is an important supplier of 13 of the 35
minerals that the U.S. has identified as critical
to economic and national security. We have the
potential to become a reliable source of other
critical minerals, including rare earth elements,
key components in many electronic devices that we
use in our daily lives. Canada is currently the
largest supplier of potash, indium, aluminum and
tellurium to the U.S. and the second-largest
supplier of niobium, tungsten and magnesium.
Canada also supplies roughly one quarter of the
uranium needs of the U.S. and has been a reliable
partner to the U.S. in this commodity for over 75
years." (Natural Resources Canada)
3. Discussion
Paper: Overview of critical and strategic
minerals worldwide and the potential for mining
them in Quebec, Quebec Government, 2019.
4. Strategic
and Critical Minerals in Quebec, Quebec
Government, 2019.
5. Vanadium
Statistics and Information, Désirée E. Polyak,
National Minerals Information Center, United
States Geological Survey.
This article was published in
Volume 50 Number 2 - February 1, 2020
Article Link:
:
No to Canada's Integration into
The U.S. Imperialist War Economy! -
Fernand Deschamps
Website: www.cpcml.ca
Email: editor@cpcml.ca
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